A Brief Biography of Osama bin Laden - 1512 Words

One of the world’s deadliest terrorists, Osama bin Laden, has cause havoc throughout the world by committing terror acts carried out by his Islamic extremist group, Al- Qaeda. Bin Laden has caused many problems throughout the world by his terrorism and this all came to an end on May 2, 2011. Seal Team Six was sent into his bunker and put an end to his life and his 10-year hide out after the 9/11 terror attacks on the World Trade Center. Osama has been the leader of Al-Qaeda since 1988 and since then has committed numerous amounts of terror attacks on all parts of the world. Osama bin Laden has developed over time as a leader of Al-Qaeda, and through his beliefs of Muslim brotherhood, he developed into an extreme Islamic terrorist. When Osama bin Laden was a child, he developed early understanding for religion. His father, Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden, a billionaire, was a highly evolved man running a billon dollar company and made many connections through this. He hosted gatherings during the Hajj season (pilgrimage to Mecca) , with Islamic scholars and leaders of Muslim movements attending to make worldly connections. Osama was very religiously committed as a child and he took on a responsibly for the Islam religion at a young age. At the age of thirteen Osama’s father dies and his family inherits his money. Osama’s older brother continued to host gatherings at their household to make connections for himself and his brother. Through these connections Osama wasShow MoreRelatedThe Most Devastating Attacks On U.s. Soil Happened1192 Words   |  5 Pagesthe day of 9/11. One of the Ringleaders Osama Bin Laden was one of the main causes of what led to 9/11. Many people do not know this but this is not the first time the World Trade Center has been attacked. Way back in 1993 a man named Ramzi Yousef attacked the North Tower with a bomb and took lives away. Osama Bin Laden’s Rise to Power Al-Qaeda owes its success to the leadership of Osama bin laden, the mastermind behind the terrorists group. Bin-Laden gained his views and values from the jihadiRead MoreThere Are No Evil People, Only Evil Acts Essay624 Words   |  3 Pageschange. It’s been proven that the over-whelming majority of all murderers go on to commit more homicides in their lifetime; a chilling fact. The thought that there aren’t sick, conniving individuals out there is ludicrous. Let’s take someone like Osama Bin Laden. He is consistently planning and setting up evil. These evil acts of terrorism are purely to cause mayhem and chaos in our world. The word evil can have many different meanings, such as â€Å"morally bad or wrong, causing ruin, pain or injury, orRead MoreIslamic Way of warfare23558 Words   |  95 Pagesrecommendations for US and other Western nations in general about engaging with Muslims and extremist militant groups. Since the author is a Muslim, the name â€Å"Allah† is used throughout the paper to mean God. The concept of Allah’s being is explained in brief in chapter 3, and that idea is carried throughout the paper whenever any reference is drawn from the Quran. Muslims believe that the Quran is the word of Allah, revealed over time through the angel Jibrael (Gabriel) to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)Read MoreThe World Is Flat8659 Words   |  35 PagesThe World Is Flat A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century by Thomas L. Friedman First published: 2005 Table of Contents †¢ Key Figures †¢ Short Summary (Synopsis) †¢ Thomas L. Friedman - Biography †¢ Genre | | | | Chapter Summaries with Notes / Analysis †¢ Chapters 1 - 4 - How the World Became Flat †¢ Chapters 5 - 9 - America and the Flat World †¢ Chapter 10 - Developing Countries and the Flat World †¢ Chapter 11 - Companies and the Flat World †¢ Chapters 12 - 14 - GeopoliticsRead MoreEffects of the Social Media on Relationship Trends of University Students9686 Words   |  39 Pagesthe wee hours of the morning giving updates to his friends on what was happening outside his house. This man did not know that the â€Å"noise† outside his house was the historical event of the killing of Number 1 Most Wanted Terrorist in the world, Osama Bin Laden. These are just some of the positive impacts that the social media has to our societies. Several websites are beginning to tap into the power of the social networking model for  philanthropy. Such models provide a means for connecting otherwiseRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesed. p. cm. Includes indexes. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-283487-2 ISBN-10: 0-13-283487-1 1. Organizational behavior. I. Judge, Tim. II. Title. HD58.7.R62 2012 658.3—dc23 2011038674 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and

William Hawthorne s The Birthmark Destruction And...

Yana Kopylova Irene Kanurkas EAC217YA February 5, 2015 How Aylmer’s obsessive nature led to his destruction and Georgiana’s tragic ending. Nathaniel Hawthorne in his story â€Å"The birthmark† has done an exceptionally good job at developing the main characters and making them extremely dedicated to their beliefs and values. Aylmer gradually spins out of control and becomes obsessive with the idea that he can remove the birthmark from his wife’s face and is willing to do so at any cost. Aylmer is a very forceful character who only wants to do things his way and strongly believes that by using science and logic he can overcome anything and become God like. The story of Aylmer’s obsession with Georgiana’s birthmark leads both characters to a tragic end. Aylmer’s search for happiness took him in the wrong direction and caused his to lose â€Å"The best the earth had to offer† (19). This short story comes to teach the reader valuable morals and lessons about life and the world we live i n. Throughout the course of the story the birthmark on Georgiana’s face is interpreted differently and comes to symbolize how purposely imperfect we are created. The constant battle between nature and science is also quite evident and elaborated on by the narrator who communicates the voice of the author himself. To better understand Aylmer’s obsession we would need to analyze the symbolic meaning of Georgiana’s birthmark. After being with his wife for a while Aylmer acknowledges

Successful New Product Launch Of Amazon Alexa †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Successful New Product Launch Of Amazon Alexa. Answer: Introduction The objective of this report is to research and examine significant success factors of product launches in extant literatures. The success or failure of the product launches is dependent on the proper application of these factors. Thus, the feasibility of a new product in the preferred market requires an accurate analysis of the relevant and specific success factors (Cooper, 2013). Product Newness The link between the performance of a product and its critical launch success factors is affected by the level of a products newness. New products are always characterised by radical innovations which make consumers to develop perceived risks and the feeling of incompetency in the product use. Thus, there is the challenge of appreciating the benefits of the new product by the consumer more so when it is distinct from the existing products in the market (Kunz, Schmitt, and Meyer, 2011). Amazon Alexa is in its second generation has had several derivative versions of different prices as it continues to advance its music, smart-home and technological assistant features (Tang, 2017). There are over 25,000 Alexa Skills such as information access, playing games, brainstorming, working out, playing music, monitoring basic tasks, and linking with care providers and family (Warren, 2016). The product can also be integrated with most of the improvised technological home appliances. Amazon Alexa occupies 70% of the market share on the voice-regulated speakers with its competitors like Google having 23.8% share of the market (Brooke, 2017). The growing success of the Alexa product can be attributed to various factors such as the ability of Amazon Echo to be used as an alternative to smartphones, tablets and computers while at home or school (Powers, 2016; Sheppard, 2017). Competitive Analysis Amazon Alexa is a virtual personal assistant speaker which operates in the voice technology industry. The device uses the Open-System Approach which requires smart home organizations to write software code and give it to Amazon for evaluation without the need for any particular chip (Tang, 2017). For instance, LG has successfully integrated the Alexa embedded technology into its LG smart refrigerator which permits consumers to search for recipes, add products to the shopping cart or order them online (Barry, 2017). Mizak et al. (2017) opines that the industry is expected to overgrow due to the comfortability that the Smart appliances come with and the ability to integrate them with various devices like phones and Alexa thus making the device useful to all age brackets. For instance, the pilot analysis report by Mizak et al. (2017) shows that in 2017 the young between 25 and 34 years comprised of 26.3%, the millennials making up 33.5% of assistant, virtual users. Direct and Indirect competitors According to Lpez et al. (2017), the primary competitors of Amazon Alexa are the Google Assistant and Apples Siri each with specific needs that they meet. The Google Assistant responds to voice commands, permits continuous listening, and has a customizable appearance. It has options for streaming music via Google Play Music, Youtube Music, Spotify, and Tunelin. It has also partnered with various smart home companies such as Nest, Honeywell, and Philips Hue among others. It also allows multiple users such that each family member can train Google Home to recognize their voices and respond to them anytime after that (Lpez et al., 2017). Lpez et al. (2017) found out that Google Assistant has also incorporated the Smart Home controller features such as voice commands on lighting different bulbs in the house. It also has an integrated high-excursion speaker that produces quality, clear and powerful bass and it allows multiple pairing of Google Home Devices to listen to the same song in all the rooms in the house (Mizak et al., 2017). Apples Siri allows the control of music on HomePod using one's voice, just like the integration of the HomePod with Apple HomeKit. This procedure permits the software developers to design applications that integrate with smart home items. Siri enables users to access over 40 million songs via the HomePod. It also allows music streaming services, and it supports Bluetooth functionality (Hura, 2017). However, its integration into hardware of outside companies has not been made open like that of Alexa (Lpez et al., 2017). Industry Critical Success Factors The success of Amazon Alexa can be attributed to two main factors namely, location for retailing and its exceptionality for technology products. Amazon Company trades in various items on its website and in addition to that, they have improvised Alexa which helps one to order things online using voice commands. The highest sales of Alexa after its launch were from the purchases made at Amazon (Heires, 2017). This is an advantage to Amazon in that one can order items online using Amazon Alexa which is highly compatible with the hardware of most of the company partners (Larsson et al., 2017). Sands (2016) notes that Amazon Echo which utilizes Alexa is the most sold product of the Alexander Home appliances. The technology that has been adopted by Alexa has enabled easy integration with most of the smart home appliances such as refrigerators, bulbs, Uber, etc. thus increasing its success rate. Using voice command, Alexa can play music, offer responses, and provide news update, weather among others. Its technology enables it to provide over 15,000 skills courtesy of Alexa Skills Kit (ASK) (Jones, Benton, 2016). Amazon Alexa Overview Amazon Alexa is a portable, virtual assistant that answers voice commands and inquiries. It uses the speech and language patterns of the owner after learning them and is based on the cloud (Dizon, 2017). It comes incorporated in various devices namely Echo, Echo Tap, and Echo dot. It can accomplish multiple tasks through voice commands such as play music; provide the latest update on sports scores, weather, news, switch on bulbs, order for Uber, order for online items among others (Chung et al., 2017; Naheem, 2016). Amazon Alexa Unique Competitive Advantage The report by Mizak et al. (2017) asserts that the exceptional competitive advantage of Amazon Alexa has been attributed to its cloud connectivity. The success of Alexas allied devices like the Echo is, without doubt, impressive and the main reason for the Americans embracing it in their homes. This technology breakthrough has enabled the company to always improve the device every time. As opposed to previous technologies where the consumer appliances were inbuilt in the products, and thus further improvements were only possible in new products. For instance, the cloud capability has enabled software developers to make it possible to be used in cars, baby monitors, and in cameras (Huang, and Lin, 2017). The cloud capability, unlike Apple which has restricted Siri to specific companies, has enabled outside companies and developers to access Alexa and integrate it into their own devices thus improving its success rates (Hoy, 2018). Analysis of the Marketing Strategy of Amazon Alexa The marketing strategy of Amazon Alexa has seen the devices expand everywhere. The price of the device is relatively higher compared to that of its competitors. However, Amazon Alexa allied device, Echo, is still the most sold device because of its natural compatibility with several home appliances. Additionally, Alexa has been promoted using the open approach and its cloud connectivity, where, several outside companies have been invited to integrate Alexa into their products (Haase et al., n.d) as opposed to Apple which has restricted its Siri product. Thus the more the smart home appliances purchased, the more Alexa is sold out. Also, Amazon has used the location of retailing as a marketing strategy. For instance, Alexa is used mostly to order items online, and yet Amazon sells items online thus convincing one to use Alexa for making orders from Amazon. Amazon Alexa targets all age groups, where the young can use it for entertainment while the seniors can use it for functionality p urposes like lighting bulbs in different rooms (Baria, and Bhatt, 2017). Criteria for Success The measures of success of Amazon Alexa can be attributed to market share and customer satisfaction. Amazon is one of the leading electronic commerce companies and with the introduction of Alexa, its customers were already existing and thus quickly shifted to the purchase of Alexa and appliances integrated with it. The uniqueness of the Alexa technology has also lead to its success. The software is easily compatible with other smart home hardware, and the fact that Amazon has allowed free integration of Alexa technology with most of the manufacturers of the smart home appliances has increased the presence of a variety of smart home appliances in the market from which consumers can select thus increasing customer satisfaction (Purington et al., 2017). Summary of Key Success Criteria The critical success criteria for Amazon Alexa are its Open system approach and its cloud connectivity (Haase et al., n.d; Mizak et al., 2017). The success of Alexa as a voice-controlled speaker can be attributed its cloud connectivity. This technology enables the software developers to improve or add new ideas to the previous version of Alexa product. Thus, making it easy to advance Alexa products. This also allows developers of other partner hardware companies to access it and incorporate it to their home appliances like refrigerators, cars, etc. (Barry, 2017) thus, the more people want a variety of smart home appliances with enabled voice technology, Alexa remains to be on the lead. References Baria, S.H. and Bhatt, C., 2017, June. Personal and Intelligent Home Assistant to Control Devices Using Raspberry Pi. InInternational Journal of Computing and Digital Systems. University of Bahrain. Barry, K., 2017. Finally: A fridge with Alexa that orders groceries for you. [online] USA TODAY. Available at: https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/reviewedcom/2017/01/04/finally-a-fridge-with-alexa-that-orders-groceries-for-you/96155086/ Brooke, Z., 2017. REPORT: What Do Users Think of Digital Voice Assistants? American Marketing Association. Chung, H., Iorga, M., Voas, J. and Lee, S., 2017. Alexa, Can I Trust You?.Computer,50(9), pp.100-104.IEEE Explore. Cooper, R.G., 2013. New products: What separates the winners from the losers and what drives success.PDMA handbook of new product development, pp.3-34. Haase, P., Nikolov, A., Trame, J., Kozlov, A. and Herzig, D.M., Alexa, Ask Wikidata! Voice interaction with knowledge graphs using Amazon Alexa. International Semantic Web Conference. Dizon, G., 2017. Using Intelligent Personal Assistants for Second Language Learning: A Case Study of Alexa.TESOL Journal,8(4), pp.811-830. Heires, K., 2017. THE RISKS OF VOICE TECHNOLOGY.Risk Management,64(9), pp.26-28. Hoy, M.B., 2018. Alexa, Siri, Cortana, and More: An Introduction to Voice Assistants.Medical reference services quarterly,37(1), pp.81-88. Huang, K.C. and Lin, Y.C., 2017. The Battlefield of IoT: Competitive and Cooperative Relationship Among Smart Home Vendors.EconStor Hura, S.L., 2017. Usability Testing of Spoken Conversational Systems.Journal of Usability Studies,12(4). Jones, A. and Benton, M., 2016. Amazon Echo: A Simple User Guide to Amazon Echo and Essential Hacking Guide (Alexa Kit, Amazon Prime, users guide, web services, digital media, Free... (Amazon student prime membership), Volume 6. Kunz, W., Schmitt, B. and Meyer, A., 2011. How does perceived firm innovativeness affect the consumer?.Journal of Business Research,64(8), pp.816-822. Larsson, S., Berman, A., Krona, A. and Kronlid, F., 2017. Integrating the Talkamatic Dialogue Manager with Alexa.Proc. Interspeech 2017, pp.3431-3432. Lpez, G., Quesada, L. and Guerrero, L.A., 2017, July. Alexa vs. Siri vs. Cortana vs. Google Assistant: a comparison of speech-based natural user interfaces. InInternational Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics(pp. 241-250). Springer, Cham. Mizak, A., Park, M., Park, D., and Olson, K., 2017, Dec. Amazon Alexa Pilot Analysis Report Front Porch Center for Innovation and Wellbeing. https://fpciw.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2017/12/FINAL-DRAFT-Amazon-Alexa-Analysis-Report.pdf Naheem, K.T., 2016. Malayalam News Paper Websites: A Webometric Study Using Alexa Internet.International Journal of Digital Library Services,6(3), pp.67-75. Powers, S., 2016. The open-source classroom: Jarvis, please lock the front door.Linux Journal,2016(264), p.6. Purington, A., Taft, J.G., Sannon, S., Bazarova, N.N. and Taylor, S.H., 2017, May. Alexa is my new BFF: social roles, user satisfaction, and personification of the amazon echo. InProceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems(pp. 2853-2859). ACM. Reis, A., Paulino, D.L., Paredes, H. and Barroso, J., 2017. Using Intelligent Personal Assistants to Strengthen the Elderlies' Social Bonds-A Preliminary Evaluation of Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, Microsoft Cortana, and Apple Siri. Sands, W., 2016. Future of Retail 2016. Walker Sands Communications. Sheppard, B.M., 2017. Theological Librarian vs. Machine: Taking on the Amazon Alexa Show (with Some Reflections on the Future of the Profession).Theological Librarianship. Tang, B., 2017. The Emergence of Artificial Intelligence in the Home: Products, Services, and Broader Developments of Consumer Oriented AI. Warren, A., 2016. Amazon Echo: The Ultimate Amazon Echo User Guide 2016 Become An Alexa and Echo Expert Now!

Media Political Parties free essay sample

History of news media TV coverage of U.S. politics, debates, campaigns, bias, equal access, advertising. The media in the time of the writing of the Constitution was a much smaller and more timid institution. Today, the media has become dominated by the electronic media, and especially by television, which has become powerful in ways not envisioned by the Founding Fathers. Television has become the conduit of choice for political candidates, and this has altered the style of the political debate, leading to the sound-bites and attack ads that have been so criticized in recent years. Television did not set out to shape the political debate and did not intend to cheapen that debate as seems to have occurred. It might be argued that the media lacks power because it does not seem to be in control of the capabilities it wields, but those capabilities are themselves considerable and have had a massive influence on how Americans conduct themselves in elections and between

Symbols of the Greek God Apollo

Symbols of the Greek God Apollo Apollo is the Greek God of the sun, light, music, truth, healing, poetry, and prophesy, and one of the most well-known gods in Greek mythology. Known as the ideal of youth and athleticism, Apollo is the son of the Zeus and Leto; and his twin sister, Artemis, is the goddess of the moon and the hunt. Like many of the Greek Gods, Apollo has many symbols. These symbols were usually associated with the great accomplishments those deities made or pertained to the domains over which they ruled. Symbols of  Apollo   Bow and arrowsThe lyreThe ravenRays of light radiating from his headBranch of laurelWreath What Apollos Symbols Mean Apollos silver bow and arrow represent his defeat of the monster Python (or Phython). Python was a serpent who lived near Delphi, considered the center of the earth. In a frenzy of jealousy over Zeus infidelity with Leda, Hera sent Python to chase Leto away: at the time, Leto was pregnant with the twins Apollo and Artemis, and their birth was delayed. When Apollo was grown, he shot the Python with arrows and took over Delphi as his own shrine. The bow and arrow symbol is also a reference to Apollo as the god of plagues who shot plague arrows at the enemy during the Trojan war. DEA / G. DAGLI ORTI / Getty Images The lyre- which is perhaps his most well-known symbol- signifies that Apollo is the god of music. In ancient myths, the god Hermes created the lyre and gave it to Apollo in exchange for the rod of health- or for the cows that the mischievous Hermes had stolen from Apollo. Apollos lyre has the power to turn items- like stones- into musical instruments. De Agostini / G. Nimatallah / Getty Images The raven is a symbol of Apollos anger. Once all ravens were white birds or so goes the myth, but after delivering bad news to the god he scorched the wings of the raven so that all ravens going forward were black. The bad news brought by the bird was that of the infidelity of his lover Coronis who, pregnant with Asclepius, fell in love and slept with Ischys. When the raven told Apollo of the affair, he became enraged that the bird had not pecked out Ischys eyes, and the poor raven was an early example of the messenger being shot. Tomisti / Wikimedia Commons  / CC BY-SA 3.0 Apollo God of the Sun The rays of light that radiate from Apollos head symbolize that he is the god of the sun. According to the Greek myth, each morning Apollo rides a golden flaming chariot across the sky bringing daylight to the world. In the evening his twin, Artemis, goddess of the moon, rides her own chariot across the sky bringing darkness.  Apollo is symbolized by rays of light. Corbis  / Getty Images The branch of laurels was actually something Apollo wore as a sign of his love for the demigod Daphne. Unfortunately, Daphne was cursed by the Goddess Eros to have a hatred of love and lust. It was an act of revenge against Apollo who claimed he was a better archer than Eros. Eventually, after Daphne grew tired of Apollos chasing she begged her father the river god Peneus for help. He turned Daphne was into a laurel tree to escape the love of Apollo. The laurel wreath that Apollo wears is a symbol of victory and honor, which was used in Greek times to identify the victors in athletic competitions, including the Olympics. Apollos wreath combines the laurel for Daphne, the coronal effect of the suns rays, and the beauty and power of young, beardless, athletic men.

The Twin Issues of Climate Change and Global Warming Essay

The Twin Issues of Climate Change and Global Warming - Essay Example    In effect, it is crucial to highlight the important role that an increment in fuel prices will play towards achieving these objectives to thus crucial and important population that is aware of global warming and climate change. For this reason, I addressed this open letter to the citizens of the United States. I believe that we have all heard the adage that "desperate times call for desperate measures." In our endeavor and the quest to satisfy the most basic of human needs, we face a momentous challenge on our environment and other essential components of human life. In line with this, we cannot live oblivious to the fact that some activities that we engaged in can bring untoward effects to our lives. In effect, such activities required urgent action in order to converse the world for future generations. You may be wondering about the motive behind this letter. However, I need to explain the intention behind this letter before I support my argument. First, how many times have we heard or read about the term global warming today on any form of media? In addition, what proactive measures were are taking to ensure that we maintain an environment that was safe for current and future living organisms? Besides, who amongst us today would not wish to experience new approaches that were safe and innovative and solved human kinds problems? I believe your guess is as good as mine with regard to all these questions. The underlying issue in this letter regards the divisive and emotive issue surrounding increasing of fuel prices. In this case, the issue has revolved around two opposing sides with each side putting up strong arguments for their cases.  Ã‚  On one hand, those proposing an increment in fuel prices argue about the economic, social, and environmental benefits arising from the increase.

The US Liberal Criminological Tradition Critical Analysis Essay

The US Liberal Criminological Tradition Critical Analysis - Essay Example There are clear statistics that show that some ethnic minorities are more likely to be associated with crime and the punitive system within both the US1 and the UK2. There is further evidence that this may be a result of ethnic discrimination and social stratification3, leading some scholars and supporters of liberal criminology to suggest that there is racial bias within the criminal justice system. There are those that go further and suggest that the punitive system does not represent what could be seen as a ‘true definition of criminality’ but rather a skewed view based on these ethnic and economic differences that evidence themselves in the statistics. This liberal criminology has become somewhat of a tradition, particularly in the US4, meaning that it has influences on criminological research in the UK and further afield. Whilst the aim to find a definition of true crime free from the effects of social and political order is perhaps noble, it can be difficult for sc holars to move away from the shadow that the US liberal criminological tradition has cast. ... This will provide insight into crime politics and how criminological traditions and research find themselves part of the legal landscape, and the effects that this type of background can have on contemporary research and attitudes within the field. The US Liberal Criminological Tradition To fully understand the nature of the question, it is perhaps prudent to examine the US liberal criminological tradition in more detail. Liberal criminology can be said to be the ‘perennial search for a measure of actual or real criminality’5. This search is deemed necessary partly because of the thought that crime figures (and the resultant research) often fails to account for crimes that have gone unreported or criminals that have not been prosecuted or otherwise recorded by the punitive system6. Liberal criminologists often go so far as to suggest that this way of analysing crime means that it is not true scientific research as it does not represent the scientific method7. The purpose of finding this true definition of criminality is to reduce the effects of political and socioeconomic factors on the justice system8. It has also been suggested that liberal criminologists ‘tend to share the hope that once real crime has been isolated and measured, its causes can be identified and solutions devised’9. Evidently, it is incredibly difficult to separate a justice system which relies on human judgement from political and socioeconomic factors present within the culture. Liberal criminology acknowledges this factor, but insists that much of the data provided on crime and criminals is false; ‘they reflect the bias inherent in an economically, ethnically, and racially stratified society’10. The argument here is perhaps